SSD (solid state drive) is a new generation of storage devices used in computers. It is better than HDD, because the speed of data transmission is higher and operations are perfectly. It works like a flesh-card. Also SSD is better, because it has not moving elements. It helps the device work faster. Minimal free space of SSD is 128 GB.
Usually, when you buy an Apple device, you can read only about free space of SSD. But sometimes you need to know not only free space, but also the type of connection, the company that made it and others. This article is about SSD which is the part of the MacBook Air.
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MacBook Air made in 2010 or 2011
From 2014 the Apple Mac Mini SSD was a proprietary NVME SSD. The 2019 Mac Mini SSD was soldered onto the motherboard and can not be removed or upgraded. Does the 2014 Mac Mini use a standard M.2 SSD? It is only standard in it's physical size. A standard M.2 drive will not work. Apple has made their drives proprietary. You can benchmark the speed of your SSD or hard disk using a few simple Terminal commands. To test write speed: time dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024k of=tstfile count=1024 In the output, you should look for something that looks like 'bytes transferred in 16.546732 secs (519131791 bytes/sec).'
Apple’s SSDs were manufactured by Samsung and Toshiba. But Apple found out that Samsung drivers were faster. But they did not tell users about the company that made SSD, so customers were subject to an SSD lottery.
Users complained about it and Apple understand its mistake. Later generation of SSDs never again saw such a large distinction between the drivers of different manufacture. In the middle of 2011 MacBook Air has Samsung 860 EVO SSD. It has a special adapter to connect. Maximum free space of SSD was 6 GB.
MacBook Air made in 2012 and 2013
They continue using of SSDs of Samsung and Toshiba, but free space become bigger. Minimal free space is 128 GB. They known as Generation 2B. The 2B read and write speeds are faster than first generation of SSD. It use SATA with a M.2 connector.
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MacBook Air made from 2013 to 2015
It was clear to Apple that with the Generation 2 drives that mSATA’s 600 MB/s limitation would not allow for further speed increases, so Apple’s next generation of SSD began using a PCle 2.0×2 interface, bringing the most substantial performance increases to date. The speed of working became higher. Drivers became compatible with all Apple computers.
SSD was made by: Download mac snow leopard.
- Samsung — маркировка 0A2.
- SanDisk — 0А4.
- Toshiba — 0А6.
The free space was 1 TB.
MacBook Air made from 2015 to 2017
The fourth generation of SSDs have 12−16 connector. The interface become better, now it is PCle 3.0×4. It helps make speed higher. The SSDs were manufactured by Samsung. But 11 inch MacBook Air has SSD made by Toshiba.
MacBook Air made in 2017 and late
The fifth generation of SSDs have 22−34 connector. Apple starts using SSDs by Toshiba again. Another innovations:
- Support the NVMe protocol.
- Read and write speeds is about 2500 MB/s.
- SSD has an extra controller, because of that productivity became higher.
It does not matter, which SSD do your MacBook Air have. You always can buy the fastest and the newest driver. If you need another connector — just buy it. They will help you to use SSD that you want with your laptop.
| Click here to return to the 'Benchmark your SSD or hard disk speed' hint |
Thanks. The submission had the same command twice, and as it was anonymous, I couldn't contact the poster. I did some Googling and found that second command. It seemed to work for me, but I've changed it in the hint.
Mac OS X Hints editor - Macworld senior contributor
http://www.mcelhearn.com
The read speed test is flawed as written. Using /dev/zero as dd's input and output file doesn't hit the disk at all and will return ridiculous speeds like 15-20 GB/sec. The proper way to do the read test is to be to dd the tstfile created by the write benchmark into /dev/null (but only after clearing the RAM cache by using the 'purge' command).
This one-liner will test the write speed, clear the cache, properly test the read speed, and then remove tstfile to reclaim disk space:
dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024k of=tstfile count=1024 && purge && dd if=tstfile bs=1024k of=/dev/null count=1024 && rm tstfile
Here's what I get using this method (and dividing by 1048576 to get Mb/sec):
Internal laptop hd (7200 rpm, sata): Write=42.99 Mb/sec, Read=38.09 Mb/sec
External G-Raid (esata): Write=134.76 Mb/sec, Read=192.32 Mb/sec
External Seagate hd (laptop drive, USB-2): Write=33.59 Mb/sec, Read=36.38 Mb/sec
External G-Raid (Firewire 800): Write=60.79 Mb/sec, Read=66.17 Mb/sec
Encrypted sparsebundle image on external G-Raid above (esata): Write=68.66 Mb/sec, Read=81.33 Mb/sec
That's not really very fast for Thunderbolt.
I bought a Factory Refurb LaCie Little Big Drive for $229 (LaCie.com), removed the drives and the fan, and replaced the drives with a pair of SSDs. Using RAID0, I get around 450MB/s read and 360MB/s write speeds with every test I've tried. It's much faster than the internal SSD in my 2011 iMac.
Ssd Benchmark For Mac
Yes, the WD My Book is a bit slower, but it has no fan, which is a big plus. I wonder, though, if I should be getting higher speeds.. Oh, BTW, I'm not using RAID 0. I'm using mine as two 2 TB disks. That cuts the speed in half.Mac OS X Hints editor - Macworld senior contributor
http://www.mcelhearn.com
The freeware Xbench's Disk Test offers a nice method for getting a few different kinds of disk benchmarks.
Ssd Benchmark Tool For Mac
i.e: and No need to google around. Also keep in mind it's only as fast as your system's slowest bottleneck. I realized this myself when I recently upgraded my internal HDD to SSD. Obviously I didn't do proper research. I got a top of the line model and was expecting super fast speeds around 460MB/s on SATA-III, only to realize that my 2008 MBP only has SATA-I so I get about 120 MB/s.
Probably still faster than HDD, but I never did measure the speed before I upgraded.
You wouldn't save a great deal of money going sata-I or II ssd and this way you are future proof if you'll get a new mac.
That thought had occurred to me too. However if I was going to upgrade my Macbook Pro the new one would probably already have SSD and wouldn't be user-replaceable (like in the new Retina Display version)
Best Ssd Benchmark Software
…or you can just use a disk benchmarking tool like bonnie, which is available to be installed from MacPorts. When I tried:
time dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024k of=tstfile count=1024 2>&1 | grep sec | awk '{print 'scale = 2 ; '$(NF-1048576) '}' | bc
I got:
awk: non-terminated string }cale = 2 .. at source line 1
context is
>>> <<<
awk: giving up
source line number 2
Mac OS X Lion 10.7.4
That awk line has an extra quote, it appears.
Any way, I found that this works:
time dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024k of=tstfile count=1024 2>&1 | grep sec | awk '{print $1 / 1024 / 1024 / $5, 'MB/sec' }'
You don't need bc at all, awk can do the arithmetic. I am dividing the total bytes by the total seconds and by
By the way, my standard internal drive in my 27' iMac (2.8GHz, a couple of years old) did the writing at 91 MB/sec.
Even better, leave out grep also. Awk can do its own pattern matching:
time dd if=/dev/zero bs=1024k of=tstfile count=1024 2>&1 | awk '/sec/ {print $1 / $5 / 1048576, 'MB/sec' }'
Ssd Speed For Mac
One additional thing that might be worth mentioning..your test file (tstfile) should be larger than the amount of physical ram.
This prevents caching and artificially inflated read speeds. Allow me to demo this on my snazzy new iMac with the PCI-e drive..
The system has 16GB of ram, a 3.5 GHz i7 and 512 GB PCI-e SSD:
madht@host (]> 01:19:24
~> time dd if=/dev/zero bs=2048k of=tstfile count=1024 2>&1 | awk '/sec/ {print $1 / $5 / 1048576, 'MB/sec' }'
732.213 MB/sec
real 0m3.278s
user 0m0.002s
sys 0m1.155s
Wow faaaast writes - love this drive..
now check the file size
madht@host (]> 01:20:12
~>ls -al tstfile
-rw-r--r--+ 1 user staff 2147483648 Jan 4 13:30 tstfile
2GB, way less than 16GB.
Now lets Read it back..
madht@host (]> 01:30:19
~> time dd if=tstfile bs=2048k of=/dev/null count=1024 2>&1 | awk '/sec/ {print $1 / $5 / 1048576, 'MB/sec' }'
6262.12 MB/sec
real 0m0.329s
user 0m0.002s
sys 0m0.329s
Mother of God!! 6.2 GB/sec!!
Hmmm..that can't be right.
So lets try a much larger test file.
NOTE: The file size does not *need* to exceed your total ram, just the amount you have free. If you feel this is a valuable use of your time ;) hint, hint -- then adjust block sizes and counts to just exceed the amount of free memory you have available.
Here Goes with a 16GB file:
madht@host (]> 01:30:44
~> time dd if=/dev/zero bs=2048k of=tstfile count=8192 2>&1 | awk '/sec/ {print $1 / $5 / 1048576, 'MB/sec' }'
728.792 MB/sec
real 0m22.583s
user 0m0.007s
sys 0m5.543s
Still bloody fast writes, yum.
Check the size (I always do)
madht@host (]> 01:42:45
~>ls -al tstfile
-rw-r--r--+ 1 user staff 17179869184 Jan 4 13:42 tstfile
Yep, that one there is a whale that can't be crammed into my ram.
madht@host (]> 01:42:49
~> time dd if=tstfile bs=2048k of=/dev/null count=8192 2>&1 | awk '/sec/ {print $1 / $5 / 1048576, 'MB/sec' }'
779.598 MB/sec
real 0m21.018s
user 0m0.006s
sys 0m4.323s
Aaaah much more like it. And still pretty performant, yo.
One more thing to add and I don't know if was already mentioned or not tl:dr -- this is a sequential test only. iow - this is as fast as it gets and in no way indicative of how your drive performs when ~30-50% of its reads and writes are random - i.e. during regular multi application usage of the OS. ioMeter is the best open source benchmarker out there however they don't fully support OSX, just the worker engine binaries -- so iometer itself would have to run on a separate machine. But it's doable ;)
Would anyone be able to tell me how to use these commands to test my USB 3.0 drives or Thunderbolt drives?